
Class 2. \S 4. 

Book J_i._S- 

Cq^ghtK?.J..?A6 

CQFtfRlGHT DEPOSIT. 



MIAMI PITMANIC 

SHORTHAND 
INSTRUCTOR 

FOR USE IN SCHOOLS 
AND COLLEGES AND 
FOR HOME STUDY 




Arranged by Bertha P. Longstreth 

for many years with Miami Commercial 
College j of Day ton , Ohio 

Greater Dayton 



■ut> 



Copyright, 1920, 
By Bertha P. Longstreth. 



5 1920 
©CI. A 601393 v 



PREFACE 

These lessons are not presented as an experiment or as a new system 
of shorthand, but as the Pitman system simply and practically arranged for 
use in schools. They have been improved from time to time and used 
very successfully for many years in the Miami Commercial College, of 
Dayton, Ohio. 

The ordinary Pitman forms are generally used, with the exception of 
that for h, which is not like that used by any other Pitmanic authors, 
except Elias Longley, who gives the bookkeeper's check for that sound, 
but has no fixed direction of writing it. The stroke here given should be 
written with the small tick at the beginning downward in the direction of 
chay and the body of the stroke upward in the direction of ray. It is 
without doubt easier to write and read than any of the other strokes used 
for h. 

A great number of dictation exercises are not given in the book, as it 
is thought much better to have the matter changed from time to time, 
giving different dictation to different individuals and classes. This should 
be done especially in commercial colleges where the pupils differ so much 
in age and previous education, some being just out of the lower grades and 
others being college or university graduates. 

After the first list of word signs and the sentences following them 
have been mastered thoroughly, the teacher should dictate new matter to 
the class, being very sure there is nothing given for which the principle of 
writing has not been learned. This method of dictation should be con- 
tinued throughout the course, the shorthand being read back and the out- 
lines corrected. 

After all the word-building principles have been learned, the pupil 
should be far enough advanced to transcribe these dictations on the type- 
writer, but the shorthand should still be read to the teacher and the out- 
lines corrected. 

Do not hurry over the work, but keep at it persistently and patiently, 
always placing accuracy first, but at the same time moving the pen or pencil 
as easily and rapidly as possible. A pen should be used until all the short- 
hand notes can be read with ease, when a pencil may be used, if desired. 

It is a good plan some times to have special lists of words or phrases 
on different subjects, as electricity, automobiles, groceries, law, medicine, 
etc. A number of blank pages are given at the back of the book where 
lists of this nature may be placed as needed, being written according to the 
principles given. 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Preface 3 

First List of Consonants and Long Vowels 7 

Rules for Position Writing and for Placing Vowels Between Strokes. 8, 11 

Second List of Consonants 9 

Third List of Consonants • 10 

Method of Working 11 

Syllables Be, De, and Re, Short Vowels 11 

Diphthongs 12 

Words Having Two Adjacent Vowels 13 

Rules for Writing Upward and Downward L and R 13 

The S-Z Circle 15 

The Ste and Ster Loops and Sez Circle 16 

Word Signs 18 

The Ticks for A, An, and The, Punctuation, Etc 18 

Review 20 

Initial Hooks— The R Hook 21 

R Hook Word Signs 23 

Contracted Words 23 

Initial Hooks — The L Hook 24 

L Hook Word Signs 25 

Important Things to Remember 26 

Final Hooks— The N Hook 27 

N Hook Word Signs 28 

Final Hooks— The F-V Hook 30 

F-V Hook Word Signs 30 

Final Hooks — The Shun Hook 31 

The Shun Hook Word Signs 32 

Contracted Words 32 

Final Hooks — The Ter Hook 34 

Ter Hook and Double Length Word Signs 35 

W Hook and Brief W 36 

5 



Review 37 

Brief Y 38 

W and Y Word Signs 38 

Brief Form for H 39 

The Half Lengths 41 

Half Length Word Signs 43 

Prefixes, Affixes, and Abbreviations 45 

Review 47 

List of Word Signs 48-51 

Phrasing 52 

Intersections 53 

List of Common Phrases 54, 55 

Speed Practice on Short Words and Word Signs 56-61 

Proper Names, Months and Days, States and Territories 62 

Cities and Countries 63 

Contracting 64 

Contracted and Special Forms 65, 66 

Letters 67, 68 

Distinguished Words 69, 70 

Additional Phrasing Principles 71-73 

List of Phrases to be Written for Correction 73 

Miscellaneous Phrases 74, 75 

Contracted and Special Forms 76, 77 

Letters 78, 79 

Reading and Writing Exercises 81-84 

Miscellaneous Words 80 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



LESSON 1. 

Shorthand is a short method of writing in which all the sounds of the 
language are represented by signs, the consonant sounds by straight and 
curved strokes and the vowel sounds by dots and dashes. To a great 
extent the nature of the sound is shown by the kind of sign used ; light or 
whispered sounds being shown by light strokes and heavy or spoken 
sounds by heavy strokes, etc. 

All of the strokes are obtained from the circle and its diameter. 
T and d form a right angle with the line of writing. The right angle to 
the left of the t and d is bisected by p and b, and to the right by chay and 
/. K and g are horizontal. These strokes are all written downward, 
except k and g, which are written from left to right. Two or more strokes 
are often joined together, when they must be written without lifting 
the pen. 



First List of Consonants. 



\ p 

\ B 

I T 

I D 



as heard 



Chay " 



/ J 



K 
G 



n pay or rope 



be 

take 

do 

chew 

joke 

kite 

go 



robe 

rate 

raid 

reach 

rage 

rake 

rag 



These strokes should be prac- 
ticed over and over until they 
can be made the proper 
length, the proper angle to the 
line, and the difference between 
the light and heavy shown dis- 
tinctly. 

The long vowels should be 
made heavy with one pressure 
of the pen. 

The consonant stroke should 
be written first, even though a 
vowel precedes it. 



\\ \\ W 



, WRITING EXERCISE 

1 1 1 1 1 ////// — 



~1 



'Oi>---~y> x i < 



zu/ 



\ 



8 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 

Long Vowels 

These vowel sounds are represented by heavy dots and dashes placed 
at the beginning, middle, and end of the consonant strokes. Those placed 
at the beginning are called first position vowels, those at the middle second 
position vowels, and those at the end third position vowels. They represent 
the vowel sounds heard in the words given below, being numbered 1, 2, 3, 
to indicate the position. They are always written at right angles to the 
consonants. 

Dot Vowels Dash Vowels 

1 — are ah 1 — Paul aw 

2— ate a 2— Pole 6 

3 — eat e 3 — pool 66 

If a vowel is to be read before any consonant it is placed to the left 
of it, and if after, to the right, unless the consonant is horizontal, when 
the vowel is placed above if before, and below if after. 

It should be noted that all the spelling is done entirely by sound with- 
out any reference to the ordinary spelling of the word. The following 
exercise shows how this method is employed : 

take t-a-k came k-a-m beat b-e-t cage k-a-j talk t-aw-k coat k-6-t 
wrote r-6-t view v-u know n-6 knee n-e pile p-i-1 debt d-g-t 

cheek ch-e-k duck d-ti-k pill p-i-1 pack p-a-k pale p-a-1 deem d-e-m 

Rules for Position Writing. 

A word having a first position vowel in its accented or only syllable is 
called a first position word and is written with its first downward stroke 
above the line of writing. If it has a second position vowel in its accented 
or only syllable, it is called a second position word, and is written with its 
first downward stroke resting on the line of writing. If it has a third 
position vowel in its accented or only syllable, it is called a third position 
word, and is written with its first downward stroke through the line of 
writing. 

If there are no downward strokes in the word the upward stroke is 
placed above, on, or through the line of writing in the three positions. 
The strokes k and g in the second position must be enough above the line 
to keep from striking it and in the third position just enough below to 
escape the line. 

Rules for Placing Vowels between Consonants. 

If a first position vowel comes between two consonants, it is written 
after the beginning of the first. If a second position, long vowel comes 
between two strokes, it is written after the middle of the first. A third 
position vowel between two consonants is written before the end of the 
second. 



V 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 
READING EXERCISE 



-y- 




> 



"n" 



The first three words of exercise, paw, pay, be. 

WRITING EXERCISE 
ape cheap coke date bay age 

deep peach pope paid code page 

keep day tea beat boat gate 

talk chalk cake .coo caw take 



each aid 

choke cape 

obey bought 

joke oak 



Write all shorthand words in longhand and all printed words in short- 
hand, to be corrected by the teacher. They should then be practiced many 
times, spelling each word by sound as it is written. After this all words 
should be written from dictation. 



LESSON 2. 
Second List of Consonants 



( Ith 
( The 

)s 
)z 

^Ish 
^>Zha 



kkj 



as in 



safe 
save 
bath 

bathe 
less 
buzz 
ash 



foe 
vie 

think 

thine 

sell 

zeal 

show 



These strokes should all be 
written downward, with the 
exception of ish, which is some 
times written upward. 

The heavy strokes should be 
shaded in the middle only. 



measure 

READING EXERCISE 




^7 



(MKl ')-) 53 



^r 



^Tl 




^rV 1 



10 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



WRITING EXERCISE 
fade feed foe show she shave 

ace so see shake faith shade 

eve evade evoke vacate showed thaw 

Third List of Consonants. 



food 


oath 


tooth 


booth 


bathe 


awes 



L as in 
R 

M 
N 

Emp 
Emb 



^^ Ing 
1 W 

r Y 

^ Ray 



mill or lay 
far " rim 
dim 



din 

lamp 

sing 

wake 

yoke 

rake 



my 
no 

ember 



These consonants are written 
downward, with the exception 
of h and ray, which are always 
upward, I, which is generally 
upward, and n, m, emp, and 
ing, which are written from 
left to right. 

The following figures show 
how the consonant strokes are 
obtained from the circle and 
its diameter. 



((X)) 



u^ 



U3» 



^-" H " " hate 

R and ray represent the same sound and the rules for their use will 
be given later on. L must now be written as an upward stroke, the rules 
for the use of the downward form being given in a later lesson. 
READING EXERCISE 



^\ , \*s\ 



X 



L ^L 



K7K 




>u 



^L 



/<1 Irk 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



11 



WRITING EXERCISE 



law 


low 


ail 


aim 


own 


knee 


woe 


hoe 


hate 


came 


comb 


tomb 


mail 


meal 


make 


meek 


heed 


heath 


pool 


loop 


peal 


leap 


mole 


note 


knave 


game 


goal 


move 


heap 


loam 


tall 


dale 


theme 


fame 


dome 


boom 








LESSON 3. 









Method of Working. 

In "writing shorthand be careful to work properly from the beginning. 
Sit facing the table or desk, resting on the left arm. Hold the pen or 
pencil with the tips of the forefinger and the thumb, letting it rest on the 
second finger. Hold the pen-holder so it is nearly parallel to the side of 
the paper and points up toward the right shoulder. Th,e fingers should be 
bent just enough to allow of their forward as well as their backward move- 
ment without pushing the whole hand back and forth with every stroke. 

Keep the pen close to the paper all the time, holding it firmly, but 
lightly. Do not dip it into the ink unless absolutely necessary. Do not 
write the words too close together, and be careful not to write one word 
directly under another, or it may strike it and make both words unreadable. 

BE, DE, and RE. 

In writing words having the prefixed syllables be, de, and re, the vowel 
e should be omitted. 



READING EXERCISE 



^zC 



I 



T 



-^W 



-^7 



Short Vowels. 

These vowels are represented by light dots and dashes placed at the 
beginning, middle, and end of the consonants, and are heard in the follow- 
ing words : 

Light Dots Light Dashes 

1 — pack & 1 — lock — 6 

2 — peck e 2 — luck u 

3— pick i 3— look oo 

Additional Rules for Placing Vowels Between Strokes. 

If a second place short vowel comes between two strokes it is placed 
before the middle of the second. 

If two vowels come between two strokes the first one uttered is 
written next to the first stroke and the second one next to the second 



12 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



stroke. If two vowels precede a stroke at the beginning of a word, the first 
one uttered is written farther from the stroke than the second. If two vowels 
follow a stroke at the end of a word the first one uttered is written nearer the 
stroke than the second. 



READING EXERCISE 



rt <? v 7 



*y O L, 




victim locket 

jug mug 

dull numb 

ethic optic 

inch comic 

dignity thick 

chum jam 



calico 



edit 



WRITING EXERCISE 

dab ditch cab 

putty tank attac 

pump limp bush 

mimic chimney gush 

topic havoc lull 

body thumb lodge 

jig jump hood 



chick envy 



monkey 


cock 


cook 


ledge 


attic 


tap 


hash 


hot 


dig 


gash 


Jessie 


monk 


agility 


dim 


copy 


muddy 


head 


ash 


impel 


ink 


bump 



egg 



gem 



kick 



logic 



LESSON 4. 
Diphthongs.' 

The diphthongs, which are compound sounds, are represented by com- 
pound signs. They are i as in ice, oi as in oil, ow as in owl, and u as in 
few. I and oi are in the first position and ow and u are in the third position. 
The rules for placing the diphthongs and the words are the same as those 
for the first and third position vowels and words. 

If i occurs before a down stroke, it is joined without lifting the pen. If 
ow or u follow a down stroke, they are joined without lifting the pen. 

i ice oi oil ow owl u few 



^0 



A. 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 
READING EXERCISE 



13 



^_ 



^ 



V 



* 



■^ 



t 



W 



J 



WRITING EXERCISE 



ivy 


annoy 


pike 


defy 


edify 


boil 


enjoy 


dupe 


shy 


nephew 


July 


huge 


toil 


life 


envoy 


icy 


endow 


imbue 


vie 


imbibe 


lion 


pouch 


ensue 


owl 


dime 


pile 


bite 


mile 


boiler 


thou 


vouch 


mouth 


China 


Cuba 


cubic 


eyes 


cow 


cue 


pipe 


lime 



V2- 



Words Having Two Adjacent Vowels. 



^cx. 



poet 
poem 



piety 
Leo 



lion Siam 

voyage bias 



Owen 
diet 



cameo 
peony 



layer chaos 
theorv radiate 



LESSON 5. 
Rules for Writing the Upward and Downward L. 

Initial / is written upward unless preceded by a vowel, when it is written 
downward unless followed by a down stroke. 

Final I is written downward after /, v, ray, and h unless followed by a 
vowel. It is always downward after n and ing. 

When the only stroke in a word it is always upward, and when in the 
middle of a word the more convenient form is used. 

Rules for Writing RAY, the Upward Stroke, and R, the 

Downward. 

Initial r is written upward unless preceded by a vowel or followed by 
m or emp. It is written upward when followed by a down stroke, even if 
preceded by a vowel. R following r is written upward. R alone in a word, 
preceded and followed by a vowel, is written downward. 

Final r is written downward unless followed by a vowel. 

R in the middle of a word is written in the more convenient way. 



14 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 
READING EXERCISE ON L 



rx r 




READING EXERCISE ON R 




-Z- 



\/f <' /- 



WRITING EXERCISE ON L 



lake 


defile 


tallow 


rally 


kingly 


alimony 


fuel 


halo 


vowel 


lay 


rill 


delve 


life 


fowl 


hole 


foil 


allege 


rely 


knoll 


leaked 


pulp 


villa 


along 


volley 


rile 


null 


elm 


Eliza 


vile 


elbow 


Nile 


unveil 


nail 


lame 


ail 


fall 


fellow 


alto 


fell 


Nellie 


elk 


befell 


fallow 


fill 


allow 


elf 


alack 


kneel 






WRITING EXERCISE 


ON R 






polar 


memory 


affair 


Irving 


remove 


infer 


par 


Rome 


rake 


furrow 


borrow 


rotary 


uproar 


narrow 


tower 


mirror 


rare 


leer 


jeer 


Jerry 


Arab 


carrier 


earl 


ark 


fire 


fury 


urge 


Urbana 


ivory 


ripe 


Ira 


rock 


arrive 


barge 


lark 


taller 


terrify 


chore 


oar 


arcade 


tailor 


admire 


admirer 


interior 


attire 


cherry 


tire 


inferior 



Take especial pains to learn the / and r rules thoroughly, writing the 
words over many times, repeating the rules as you write. They are some- 
times broken where it is impossible to use them, but very seldom. 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 15 

LESSON 6. 
The S-Z Circle. 

A small circle on the right-hand side of all straight strokes, except k, g, 
ray, and h, on the upper side of them, and on the inside of the curves, is used 
to represent s or z. 

It is always the first thing read when at the beginning of the consonant 
and the last thing when at the end. When between two straight strokes 
which form an angle, it is written on the outside of the angle; when between 
a straight stroke and a curve, it is written on the inside of the curve; and 
when between two curves, turning in opposite directions, it is on the inside 
of the first. In a few cases it is on the outside of a curve. 

The Stroke S or Z Should be Used : 

1. When the only consonant in a word. 

2. When the first consonant preceded by a vowel. 

3. When the last consonant followed by a vowel. 

4. When two distinct vowels or diphthongs come between the s or z 
and the preceding or following consonant. 

5. When z begins a word. 

6. When s-z are the only consonants in a word the s circle and the z 

stroke are used, as size ) 

7. When s-s are the only consonants in a word and the word ends with 
s, the stroke and the circle are used, as cease — X- , but if the word ends 



with a vowel the circle and stroke are used, as saucy 



O 



READING AND WRITING EXERCISE 

M /^ f Q -n -> / ^ V L, ^ ^ «-P _£ 




^ «>^*^ r- y* *> t y d 



16 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



WRITING EXERCISE 



pies 


dispel 


else 


choice 


sell 


seeds 


asleep 


dusk 


despise 


hasten 


sip 


sin 


sage 


schemes 


lace 


juicy 


seal 


space 


soap 


gas 


scheme 


choose 


disposal 


zeal 


joyous 


poison 


sing 


ashes 


sit 


toss 


cask 


seize 


tease 


chosen 


lisp 


six 


set 


excuse 


embassy 


lease 


smiles 


sore 


slim 


tax 


seam 


refuse 


designs 


spell 


famous 


asp 


box 


desk 


expel 


music 


slope 


suppc 



LESSON 7. 
The STE and STER Loops and the SEZ Circle. 

A small loop is written either at the beginning or the end of strokes to 
represent st or sd. If a vowel comes between the s and / the circle 5 and the 
/ stroke must be used. It must also be used if the / is the last consonant 
followed by a vowel, or if it is impossible to form the loop. This is called the 
ste loop. 

A large loop is used at the end of consonants to represent the syllable 
ster, and it is called the ster loop. 

A large circle is used at the beginning or end of strokes to represent the 
syllables sez, siz, ses, sus, etc. It is called the sez circle, e or I are the vowels 
usually heard in these syllables, but sometimes the diphthongs or the vowels 
aw, u, e, etc., are heard. In these cases the vowel is inserted within the 
circle. The circle 5 may be joined after these loops, and the large circle by 
crossing the stroke and writing the circle on the other side. 







EXAMPLES 






stub 


paste 


opposed 


faster 


duster 


justify 


X 


X 


-X 


^ 


h- 


4 












^r 


season 


tosses 


lasts 


fosters 




successes 


-tti , 


£ 


S° 


fc> 




W? 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 
READING EXERCISES 



17 



\ f / 



r ^ r' ^ 



P J V 



i_i 



^ u y_ nt 



P =5 ^ /° 



o^ v_P 



^ >> ^i3 cm °> k 



£ 



/^ 



^^ 



i b ^> ka ^ -^ V>^ 



/<? -^ W, ^ 



_Q_ 



^~ £ ^ / 



I > ^ g / 




WRITING EXERCISES 

Texas sliced steel races coasters tastes texts announced 

forest stung stake stump arouses boxed noises story 

stem stuff safest saucer boxes ounces stir west 

annexed repast steepest sausage posts behests state zest 

arrest stop stoutest stab houses steady guest guests 

capsize stiff stylish roasts host chest foxes Caesar 



18 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



LESSON 8. 
Word Signs. 

As a further means of saving time, some words of frequent use are 
shortened by dropping out part of the sounds of the words. They are not 
always written in their positions, but in some cases when there are several 
words of the same form in the same position some of them may be changed 
to another position. 

\^ for 

A_ if 
v^ have 
JL_ thank 
_L_ think 
_£_ thousand 
-C_ they-them 
-i- was 
-1— us-so 
A shall 
>/_ usual-ly 
jC will 
^or 
IX her 
^ are 

And and should must always be written upward. The others are 
written according to the direction of the stroke which represents them. 

The Ticks for A, AN, and THE, Punctuation, etc. 

The two words to and be are shown by writing the stroke b through 
the line of writing. 

The period is represented by a small cross or by a long dash. 

The colon is represented by two small crosses, one above the other. 

Interrogation is shown by the upper part of the ordinary question 
mark with a cross in place of the dot at the bottom of it; exclamation by 
the upper part of the printed exclamation with a cross in place of the dot 
at the bottom. 



* a-an 


v i I-eye-high 


. the 


, n . you 


1_ ah 


° as-has 


♦ aye 


o is-his 


JL and 


_!l_ up 


/ should 


A_ be 


2_all 


_L it 


js_ too-two 


1 do 


O-oh-owe 


' much 


j before 


/ which 


awe-ought 


__^_ each 


• who-whom 


C- large 


l_of 


can 


jv_ to 


— come 


j— but 


go-ago 


^ how 


_ give-n 



*" ^ 


my-time-am 


^— 


me-may 


— 


on-any 


-=^ 


in-no-know 


•^v 


now 


-=~t 


knew-new 


' ■ 


long-language 


*-*■ 


thing-young 


-""** 


important-ance 


A 


improve-ment 


^e. 


next 


k^_ 


first 


jL~ 


this 


-Cr- 


these 


C- 


your 


^_ 


way-away 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



19 



Two parallel lines are placed beneath words which are to be capitalized. 

A small tick, written downward in the direction of chay, or upward in 
the direction of ray, is sometimes used to represent the. It is always written 
to the word which precedes it, and is not used when a pause comes between 
it and the preceding word. 

A tick is also used for a and an written in the direction of k or t It should 
not be used if a pause comes between it and the adjoining word. It may be 
joined after the words of, to, owe, before, who, ought, all, too, as, has, is, his, 
but, and a few other words. In most cases the dot should be used unless the 
tick can be joined to the word which follows it. 

Period, colon, interrogation, exclamation, dash, to be, as the, is the, 
in the, to the, for the, how the, how a, as a. 



X 



At 



*4— 



->- 



.k. 



^s 



EXAMPLES 
> * y V & ■ V /o 

£ *Z. ^ Xc £e £>£ C^. & 

y I / _ S* ^ k, S j ( ) I t 
"v — ^ ^v f v, / \ — L 



£. a. 
L 



Sometimes two or more words are joined together without lifting the 
pen, the first word being placed in its proper position, to which 

LESSON 9. 

READING EXERCISES 




J^JS. 




v V 



^ 



a ' O ^Z^S 



^c. 



^ 



c 



y\ 



20 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 

WRITING EXERCISE 

James M. Mills & Sons, 

Salem, Alabama. 
Sirs : — 

Can you ship me, in a day or two, six boxes of the small boys* neck- 
ties which have a dozen in a box? I should also like to have sixty 
packages of all sizes of boys' long hose of the best make. I will take 
eight dozen of the cheap calico sailor waists just as soon as you receive 
them, as I can sell them readily. 

I shall have my new store ready for buyers by Tuesday, so should like 
to be in shape to make sales. A small steamer stops at this village on next 
Sunday. Can you have them ready to ship on it? 

Yours, 

REVIEW 

Give the names and sounds of all the consonants. 

Name the strokes which are always written upward. 

Give all the first position sounds rapidly. 

Give all the second position sounds rapidly. 

Give all tfie third position sounds rapidly. 

Give the position of each word in the short vowel list. 

Name the strokes which are always written from left to right. 

Give the rules for position writing. 

Give the rules for placing vowels between strokes. 

Give the rules for writing upward and downward I and r. „ 

On which side of the strokes is the s circle written? 

When is the stroke s used instead of the circle? 

What can you tell about the loops and the large circle? 

This figure contains all the simple signs that are used in shorthand. 




^0(D^ 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 21 

LESSON 10. 
Initial Hooks — the R Hook. 

A small initial hook is used on the left-hand side of all straight strokes, 
except k, g, and ray, on the under side of them and on the inner side of the 
curves to represent the sound of r when it follows and blends with the strokes. 
It cannot be used on h. 

If a circle comes before a stroke having an r hook, the hook is simply 
closed up on the straight strokes, but must be distinctly formed within the 
hook on the curves. 

pr br tr dr chayr jr kr gr fr vr ithr 

X \ 1 1 / / _ _ C <LO 

ther ishr zhar lr rr mr nr wr yr rayr 

c *) i ) <r ^ <~s ^ ^ r s 

spr sbr str sdr schayr sjr skr sgr sfr svr sithr 

y <\ i i / f ^ i o 

sther sishr szhar smr snr fry grow trace labor 

O .1 9 Q . , ^ . o. SK 

utter suppress suffer supper 
-1 % fc 2k. 

The hook is always read after the stroke to which it is written. If a 
vowel precedes an r hook stroke it is read before both, and if it is after the 
stroke it is read after both. If a circle precedes an r hook stroke the circle 
is the first thing read, then the preceding vowel, the stroke, the hook, and 
the following vowel, suppress ^ 

The r hook is not necessary on ing and emp, and as the small hook on 
m and n is needed for another purpose later on, the m and n are made heavy 
when the r hook is used with them, inner ^^;. , , simmer ^=N= 

The s and z strokes with the r hook are not necessary, as the stroke r 
with the s circle may be used in all cases, so the 5 and z strokes with the 
small initial hook are used as duplicate forms for ith-r and the-r. The 



22 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 

original forms \ V are used when preceded by a vowel and the 
s and s forms in other cases. author v ether P- 



throw 



JH. 



Sometimes it is necessary to use the r hook when a vowel sound 
comes between it and the preceding consonant. This vowel, if a dash 

vowel, is written across the stroke in its position, person ^v*m> 

north K 

If it is a dot vowel it is represented by a small circle placed in the 
three positions, before the stroke for the long vowels and after for the 



short vowels, careless <=^-^ , charity \ If a 



£ 



diphthong comes between a stroke and a hook it is also written across the 
stroke. 

If a circle and hook come between two strokes they must be shown 
as distinctly as possible. 

\^N / -N ^S ^, £ \ > ) "I 

When s-k-r and s-g-r follow t, d, chay, and ;' they are shown as 

follows: L-o disgrace, —p. — L—g discourse. 

READING EXERCISE 

_ l £_ ^f~ v ^ *u ^-z \^ n I fc 






MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



23 







WRITING EXERCISE 






tray 


upper 


teacher 


crusader discourage 


properly 


freak 


breaker 


driver 


sprawl 


seizure prosper 


dreams 


throb 


favor 


extra 


sooner 


locker affray 


crimson 


scream 


suppress 


; sever 


liner 


inner copper 


seeker 


Socrates 


safer 


strap 


cracker 


trim cider 


strikes 


pastry 


strip 


croak 


tramp 


simmer supreme 


destroy 


keepers 


eater 


April 


treasure 


aggressive encourage 


distress 


fraud 



LESSON 11. 
R Hook Word Signs. 



\ practice ' doctor 

\ principal-le _J dear 

\_ member _J\ during 

\ remember w Christian 

\ . number .. «= — care 

J true 



V- 



truth 



/ larger 
J danger 



V from 
x^ ever-y 
_k other 

O either 



^ 



_ error 
1 wear 



their-there 



^/ 



A 



sure 
J) pleasure 



. more 
.Mr. 

. nor 
near 



Contracted Words. 

Some times words are shortened by using the most prominent part 
of the word which will readily show what it is. These are called con- 
tracted words. 



nothing 



enough 



among dangerous 



f 



also 

n 



strong 



strength 



publk 



\ 



month 



24 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 

READING EXERCISE 






*> ^ ^ /T c , ^ i , -n c 



-SU / ^ — ^ 



^ ^1- ^ Y * 



-w- 



% 



c-O 



c c . i ^v ia i \ 



° >s^ , / ^ — ^ ^ 



a/^Nj^ \ O-Lfl 



WRITING EXERCISE 
Mr. Frank Price, 

Minersville, Ohio. 
Dear Sir: — 

Do you think there is any danger of a break in the pipe or valve near 
you? The pressure of the gas is strong and you must be sure to take care 
of everything, as a break will be extremely dangerous to the miners and 
farmers in the vicinity. There should be no wear near the bridge or the 
track. 

Take out the larger pipe as soon as you can, and I will ship the others 
to you before next Friday. These are of extra strength and will be much 
safer. An error will be a dangerous thing, so try to remember everything. 

Yours truly, 



LESSON 12. 
Initial Hooks — the L Hook. 

The sound of / also blends with the preceding consonant in many 
cases, and is represented by a small initial hook on the right-hand and 
upper side of straight strokes and by a large initial hook on the inner side 
of curves. 

It is not used on all strokes, only those given here. 

Ish with the / hook is generally written upward unless it is the only con- 
sonant in the word. 

The order of reading, the placing of vowels, etc., are the same as for 
the r hook. The 5 circle, when preceding the / hook strokes, must be 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



25 



shown distinctly within the hook. The stroke ing with the / hook repre- 
sents the syllables ingly. exceedingly. ~f 

pl bl tl dl chal jl kl gl fl vl 

ithl thel ishl zhal ml nl ingl rayl 



e c up- 3 



C^ Q^ <V 



READING EXERCISE 



^ v~ V. 



^ c-G 



L. 



-ViH; 




WRITING EXERCISE 

classical closes laurel clever declare clock climax fled 

clasps placed muffler cluster vulnerable jokingly exclusive splice 

duplicity clover total glare glowingly applause signal apple 

peaceful supply sublime flaxen disclosed flame bevel baffle 

flock table globe seclude local maple locality settle 







LESSON 13. 






L Hook Word Signs. 


A. 

JL 


people 

able 

tell-till 


f deliver 
, s children 
call 


c cool 

o 

— — — follow 
£- full 

f value 


■f- 


until 


< coal 



^—^ only 

^- — unless 
largely 



26 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 
READING EXERCISE 




WRITING EXERCISE 

1. The trifles of life will make you miserable unless you master them. 

2. It will oblige me if you place no obstacles in my way. 

3. If a pleasure is placed near you, its full value is never seen. 
• 4. Major Flemish promises to be the leader of our new club. 

5. They will take extreme measures to close up all such places. 

6. This idle official displeases all classes of people. 

7. He is a clever speaker, his voice is clear and his manner impressive. 

8. Children are small travelers who should receive the best care this 
place affords. 

9. Please place the initial syllable at the top of the first page. 

10. The members of the other club claim all the blame for this trouble 
ought to be placed on us. 

Important Things to Remember. 

The only horizontal strokes are k, g, m, n, emp, and ing. They are 
written from left to right. A vowel which is to be read before any of 
them should be placed above, and, if after, below the stroke. If a vowel 
is to be read before any of the other strokes, it should be placed to the 
left of it, and, if after, to the right. These strokes are written downward 
with the exception of h and ray, which are always upward; /, which is 
generally upward, according to the rules previously given, and downward 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



27 



before s-?i. as in listen 



-Or 



ish, which is sometimes upward 



after / and v and before ith and the and also with the / hook, 
initial shelf fish sheath 



"^-iJ 



A. 



V 



•f 



lesson 



LESSON 14. 
Final Hooks— the N Hook. 

As the initial hook for / and r are used to shorten words, so a small final 
hook may be used on each stroke as a shorter method of writing n. It is 
written on the left-hand side of the straight strokes, except k, g, ray, and 
h, on the under side of them and on the inside of curves. It is read after 
the stroke and the vowel which follows the stroke. If a circle follows the 
n the hook is simply closed up on the straight strokes and distinctly formed 
within the hook on the curves. 

The ste and ster loops and the sez circle may be joined after the n hook 
on straight strokes by placing them on the n hook side of the stroke. 
pn bn tn dn chayn jn kn gn fn vn 



\ \ 


j 


J y y 


^ 


—. ^ v, 


ithn then 

c c 


sn 


zn ishn 


zhan 

j 


In rn 

r v 



mn nn empn 



ingn wn yn rayn hn 



chain chains 

i4 </- 



rains 



fine 



fines danced 



<. 



dances spinster 

When to Use the N Stroke. 

When it is the first or only consonant. 

When it is the last consonant followed by a vowel. 

When two distinct vowels come between it and the preceding or fol- 
lowing consonant. 

When a vowel comes between it and the following 5 circle. 

When it follows a curve and is followed by ste, ster, or sez, and when the 
hook cannot be conveniently formed. 



28 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 
READING EXERCISE 



J ka /^ cA ^ /^. y 






J 



\ 



^_L 



L^_ ^ C \ 



>r 



X ^ ^ jU \x> 



J- !=! ^ 



7 



V ^ v 1 > ^< 



KJ 



ITT 



"fc^ 



J 



^h\ 



\ 



* 



\ S xt 



^v 



C"^ 



VT^ 



-a*- 



^ s 



^»- 







WRITING EXERCISE 






bench 


princes 


banish 


branch 


Kansas 


opulence 


suspense 


beans 


dins 


refines 


punish 


pines 


distances 


Hannah 


bran 


lane 


lanes 


sexton 


against 


gown 


moans 


barren 


offense 


pretense 


silken 


minnow 


economize 


arraign 


assigns 


ribbons 


thickens 


organs 


orphans 


milliner 


sustains 


fenced 


fences 


tureen 


trains 


organic 


saloon 


entrance 


glances 


glanced 


cleans 


Spanish 


French 


branches 


enjoins 



LESSON 15. 
The N Hook Word Signs. 



^L, happen — ^-been 

v^ .nnnn il_done 



. -yl. religion 



again 



4than 
-then 






learn 



\ opinion J£L general -ly ^o phonography ( alone ^~"^> .men 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 
READING EXERCISE 



29 



^ ^ =^ 



-* 



P* 



z2_ 



Ja < 



X. 



¥ 



^_ 



^ 



■^\ 1 i. * ° ^ 



t- 



V/.\ -*7 



•) - f 



-^^" 



^L 



^v 



^ x 



^r 



^-t^ 



x. 



■rf 



) ^ 



^- iBl 4ri vl . 



X ■ I 



-X 



-^T 



s> 



1 L_A, 



f- 



•^ C L L. 



A^ 



A 



\ 



C v- - 



cy 



WRITING EXERCISE 

1. Many men reckon money to be the main chance in life and to gain 
it will stoop to many mean things. 

2. These miners carry small tin lamps as they work in the mines. 

3. The strikers will gain nothing by violence, but are likely to lose all 
chance of success. 

4. Stately dames and gay lasses will dance all the old dances at the 
next ball. 

5. The Spanish prince will wear the crown in due season. 

6. The first, fast mail train came into town to-day at ten o'clock. 

7. I think nine or ten men must have gone down into this mine since 
the fire was seen at the entrance. 

8. As the blackberries ripen, they first redden, then blacken and shine 
in the sun. 

9. If you never use due diligence in your work you will never earn your 
money. 

10. There will be a fine crop of cotton south of Atlanta this season, 



30 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



LESSON 16. 
Final Hooks— the F-V Hook. 

F and v are also represented by a small final hook written on the right 
hand and upper side of straight strokes only. It is read after the stroke 
and the vowel which follows it. When an 5 circle follows this hook it is 
formed distinctly within the hook. 

RULES FOR THE USE OF THE F AND V STROKES 
The/ and v strokes should be used instead of the hook: 
When it is the last consonant followed by a vowel. 
When two distinct vowels come next to it. 
When a vowel comes between it and the following s circle. 
When it is followed by the sez circle, the ste or ster loops, and when the 
hook cannot be clearly indicated. 

pf bf tf df chayf jf kf gf rayf hf 



wit/ / — 


_j 


s ^ \X 


/> 


\> \, ^ ^ 


/S^> 


-v, 


X 



puff puffs rave raves 



observes 



toughen 



strife 



l^. 



07 



^? 



READING EXERCISE 

*f V V 



X 



X^- 




idr 



jp* 






1^> 1^ ^ 



NS* 



discovers 
craves 
coffee 
groves 

above 



WRITING EXERCISE 

discovery devours provoke approves 

reserves brief bereave serve 

advise rebuff tough striven 

gloves coughs derives drives 



differ 



F-V Hook Word Signs. 

whichever whatever Jehovah 



V 



X 



X 



defeats 
deserve 
bravery 
achieves 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 31 

READING EXERCISE 



( r\ j> x j^ c u, ^ ^ i 



WRITING EXERCISE 

1. I think they ought to pave the road for it is so rough. 

2. He devotes the chief item in the paper to the defense of these brave 
men. 

3. The natives of this province are sure to defeat all the other sav- 
ages. 

4. He derives much money from the sale of men's gloves. 

5. David Dean, the sheriff, will make an attractive and effective speech 
on the tariff. 

6. Whatever you do and whichever way you travel, be sure to observe 
the small things. 

7. Differ as you may, above all things preserve peace. 



LESSON 17. 
Final Hooks — the Shun Hook. 

The syllable shun, spelled Hon, sion, etc., but pronouned shun, occurs 
so frequently that it is shortened into a large final hook on the right-hand 
arid upper side of straight strokes and on the inner side of curves. The s 
circle following it is shown distinctly within the hook. 

The ish stroke and the n hook are used when the only consonant sounds 
in the word or if two vowels come between the ish and the n. 

Sometimes the syllable shun follows a stroke ending with an 5 circle or 
a loop, when it is shown by crossing the stroke after making the circle or 
loop and forming a small curl, called the shun curl. The s circle may be 
joined after this curl. 

potions fractions sectional physicians position molestation 



32 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



READING EXERCISE 



\^ // 



-V 



-Z^ ^r ^ — ? ^ i k^_ 



-V 



V ft> 



«g ^ v, s« y ^ 



^> 



^L 



J3 



t* 



^^b 



=j- 



/? Xlo 



' ^5 ^ ^ 



^v ^ i i >, ^ ^=^ -O n> <^J> 



WRITING EXERCISE 

omission suspicion location faction 

decision option collections physician 

impression manifestation repression reduction 

execution application intention sessions 

junction suspension traction affection 

friction cohesion education secession 

fiction destruction supplication animation 



^ 




infection 


sections 


possession 


oration 


eruption 


dictionary 


suppression 


irrigation 


population 


optician 


vocation 


eviction 


donation 


reception 



>LL 



.objection 



.temptation 



LESSON 18. 
Shun Hook Word Signs. 



-subjection 



notion 

X_revelation 



-suggestion 



V-S' nation 

/) revol ut ion 



Contracted Words. 



. proportion 



mistake >^ - 

N l s publication Jl 



mistook 



transaction 
public 



-generation 



X^7^ motion 

g » j description 



> 



stranger 
mistaken 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 33 

READING EXERCISE 




1 r\ x , \ ^ <z_ 



/ /- t- V -P s ^-^ . V^ 



•^p 



^ — -y 



\± 



-^ — ^ — ' ^-v,, x ^ > 

WRITING EXERCISE 

The Clipper Automobile Works, 

Toledo, Ohio. 
Dear Sirs: — 

There is still some trouble in the action of the last machine I bought 
of your firm. At each revolution there seems to be a catch in the right rear 
hub which causes much vexation, as our repair man has been unable to 
remedy it. 

If you have a man in this section of the State, he ought to come and 
fix it right away. If you have no man near enough, please write directions 
to me and suggestions as to how I can remedy the trouble. 

It is to be used by a physician, and unless it runs smoothly I may lose 
the sale. 

I think you are mistaken in your description of the cushions, or the mis- 
take may be mine, as I looked over them in a hurry. 

Please see to this as soon as possible. 

Yours truly, 

1. The people of this section make many objections to the excessive 
rate of taxation. 

2. They all noticed the animation of the recitation and gave the best 
of attention. 

3. He shows a disposition to lower his voice too much. 

4. The action they took at the last session was against the advice 
of all. 

5. The procession on the occasion of the public celebration was im- 
mense. 



34 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



LESSON 19. 
Final Hooks— the TER Hook 
Double Lengths. 

The syllables ter, ther, tire, etc., occur so frequently that they are 
represented by a large final hook on the left hand and under side of the 
straight strokes, but as the end of a curve can take but one hook of a size, 
it is made double its usual length for the addition of these syllables and 
for the syllable der in some cases. 

As the emp does not need these syllables after it, it is made double 
length for the addition of er. Ing is made double length for the addition 
of the syllables ger and ker. The s circle is joined to these hooks by mak- 
ing it distinctly within the hook. 

The double length in each position should commence where the single 
length of that position commences, 
patter, clatters, eraitor flatter, fingers, banker, amber. 



^> ^) 



2: 



QL 



READING EXERCISE 



s !S , v *-° 




WRITING EXERCISE 



lighter 


exhibitor rapture 


stricter 


navigator 


alligator 


loiter 


fleeter 


traitor 


fodder 


fatter 


dissenter 


literal 


aster 


interpose 


patter 


tinker 


sinker 


scamper 


temper 


tighter 


slaughter 


shutter 


pamper 


literary 


obliterate 


orderly 


oyster 


executor 


internal 


interfere 


Waterloo 


fraternal 


cater 


gutters 


crater 


scatters 


elector 


butter 


Esther 


entirely 


damper 


debater 


blotter 


daughters 


alter 


demonstrator 


niter 


saunter 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



35 



LESSON 20. 
Ter Hook Word Signs. 



writer 



rather 



another 



Double Length Word Signs. 

longer father 



shorter 



1 



enter 



younger 



further 



order 



n»— y 



neither 



matter 



latter 



wider 



^ 



anger 



mother 



letter 



weather 



"\ 



-W^- 



READING EXERCISE 



^ 



^rj) 



1 



X 



-^ 



^L 



^2 



^ 



-*^ 



^_^ 



J^rv ? 



/ 



^7 



u ,. a-*^ 



^p 



^. 



V ?. > 



Z2^ 



X 



1 



"-e- 



L 



/ 



i_Tl 



"*" 



r* 



Qjy y — °- 



Ju. 



^L 



36 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 

WRITING EXERCISE 
F. M. Salter & Brother, 

Centerville, Missouri. 
Dear Sirs — 

If any of your men go to the city in November, will you please have 
them look up a caterer to give a dinner at the time of my daughter's mar- 
riage, the first of December. 

Please learn the price Jor each person for a dinner of fried oysters, 
chicken, peas, celery salad, olives, water crackers, hot rolls and butter, 
sponge cake, peaches, grapes, and coffee. 

The decorations are to be in lavender and green, asters if they can be 
bought, or other flowers of those shades. 

No matter how much longer it may take to serve, everything must be 
first class. I will have them use my table cloths, napkins, and china, but 
they must bring the other things along. 

Yours truly, 

LESSON 21. 
W Hook and Brief W. 

A brief form for representing w is frequently used. A small circle is 

divided into two equal parts by a verticle line, J3L_ the left-hand 

side being used on the strokes t, d, chay, j, ith, the, ish, zha and y, and 
the right-hand side, p, b, k, g, ray, f, v, s,.z, r, emp, ing and w. 

The vowels are always placed to the stroke and not to the brief w. 
wet wing wore week widen witch 

-j — c^-i — ^-^ — ^- 

On / and ray a large initial hook is used to represent w, and on m 
and n a small initial hook« M, n, and / never take the brief w, but ray 
doc»3 in a few cases, as warrant and warrior. These four w hooks and 
the brief w are always read before the stroke to which they are written. 

There are some words which have the sound of w following and blend- 
ing with the strokes t, d, p, b, k, and g. In these cases the w sound is 
represented by a large initial hook on the right-hand and upper side of 
the stroke. On p and b it is used ill foreign words generally. 

The w stroke should be used instead of the hook or brief w when at 
the beginning of a word preceded by a vowel, or when followed by two 
distinct vowels, 
wail worry swerve window women 

JZ. c^i _£>£ ^_ ^ 



twill 



^ 



dwell 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 
queen quest anguish 

C-3 



x» 



37 



Pueblo 



\ 



READING EXERCISE 



1 


V 


/ ^ 


^ 


l _ K ./ 


1 1 / 




C 


C/ <^N 


C ' 


^ r c_ ^ 


r j I 




X; 


\ '-I 


v ) 


^ e ^ « 


s 


*=T 


^_ 


k. 


^~ 


^ ' ^ - 1 


'J Vr^ 



f_<,>f^„ 




weed wifely- 
wail wander 
wooden sequel 
quack Walter 
bewitch twist 
worm bequest 
winter wins 



WRITING 
Webster wagon 
widely . wallow 
window wolfish 



wages 
windy 
twice 
quake 



swarthy 
twinge 
twine 
quickens 



EXERCISE 

wickedly 

languish 

Wednesday 

weariness 

widower 

twenty 

Edwin 



wellnigh 

equation 

quickly 

quinces 

beswitch 

outwit 

linguist 



worthless 

Winchester 

sequester 

acquisition 

weekly 

aquatic 

acquire 



REVIEW 



On which side of the strokes is the r hook written? 

How is the circle s written to precede the r hook strokes? 

Give the order of reading in such cases. 

What can you tell about ith-r and the-rf 

If a vowel comes between a stroke and an r or I hook, how is it written? 

When should the stroke n be used instead of the hook? 

How is the s circle written after the n hook? 

Tell what you know about the shun hook. 

What is the shun curl? 

On which strokes is the ter hook used? 

For what are the double lengths used? 

Which strokes take the w hook, and where is it read? 

What can you tell of the brief w? 



38 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



LESSON 22. 
Brief Y. 

In a number of cases y is followed by a vowel with which it blends, 
the two sounds being represented by a small half circle, the circle being 
divided horizontally ■£>. , the upper half representing the dash 

vowels in connection with the y, and the lower half the dot vowels with 
the y, being made heavy for the long vowels and light for the short vowels, 
when not joined to the stroke. They are then placed in the vowel positions 
just as vowels are placed. 

As a rule, they may be joined to the strokes as the brief w is joined, the 
lower half of the circle made light being generally used, 
yam youth yoke onions obvious sapolio 



^ 



yarn 



yon 



READING EXERCISE 



^f. 



_kz^_ 



-*=*■ 




Tw 



^L. 



~2L 



n *\ 



Mr 



^L 



*s?^ 



XK 



ubiquity 

unity 

yacht 

ammonia 

Armenian 

maniac 



oblivious 

universe 

sawyer 

India 

copious 

menial 



WRITING EXERCISE 

yokefellow yarrow 

Unitarian Utah 

lawyer palliation 

unique mania 

Fenian millions 

spaniel yearn 



yore 

unite 

filial 

folio 

Arcadia 

yonder 



W and Y Word Signs. 



■ with 



. would 



.when 



. while C eqnal-ly 



. what S»- 






well 



_yet 



_year 



youngster 

youthful 

onion 

alleviation 

Italian 

billion 



IP years 

n 



-Q- 



-beyond 



•you 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 39 

LESSON 23. 
Brief Form for H. 

On the strokes k, g, /, r, m t emp, w t s, and z a small tick struck down- 
ward in the direction of chay is used to represent h. When h occurs in 
connection with the large w hook on / and ray, it is shown by thickening 
the hook. 

. In the middle of a word where the h tick or stroke cannot readily be 
joined, and the rest of the word indicates the presence of h, it may be left 
out. This tick is, in a number of cases, used to represent the word he. 



hire 



hoax 



Harlem 



hiss 



hems 



whale 



whirl he was 



he can 



i 



READING EXERCISE 




r \ 







WRITING EXERCISE 






Hiram 


whistle 


huckster 


hemlock homelike 


humanity 


humane 


harken 


halter 


wholesome 


homespun hireling 


harpoon 


hump 


wheels 


whisky 


hamper 


unhook healer 


helper 


humility 


whisp 


harmony 


howl 


hectic behave 


upholster 


hammock 


homely 


inhale 


Bohemia 


holiday alcohol 


helm 


neighborhood 


harness 


hair 


whilst 


harmless healthy 


whey 


wheelbarrov- 



40 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 
READING EXERCISE 



-y 



\ 



x v 



y 



,o > t±h 



-Jt 



^M 



* 



_^ 



b (^ V. 7 



r h 



^ < « 



^ 



( i fcx 



°« x <z^s 



s^ 



c y. 



WRITING EXERCISE 
Webb & Winter, 

Wheeling, Oklahoma. 
Dear Sirs: — 

We enclose you price list of wheelbarrows and horse trucks. We wish to 
call your attention to our iron wheelbarrows for heavy work. We think 
there are none better in this line. Our horse trucks and farm wagons are 
in twelve sizes for heavy hauling. 

Next week we ship to Mr. Walter Williams, of Winchester, twenty of 
our wooden wheelbarrows, which we will equip with extra wheels, so they 
may be used either with the wooden or the iron wheels. 

We should like to hear from you at once, as we leave here in a week. 

Yours truly, 



Exceptions. 

There are a few exceptions to the rules previously given concerning the 
hooks, strokes, etc. These only occur occasionally when the form of the 
word makes it impossible to follow the rule given. As examples of this the 
following words may be noted: 



facility 



vassalage 

V7 



monstrous 



eloquence 



vestry 



\ 



Wilson 



officer 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 41 

LESSON 24. 
The Half Lengths. 

The sounds of t and d occur so frequently after other strokes that 
they are indicated by making the stroke preceding them half its usual 
length, 
fay fate lay late day date 



Al * (L a- 



ji 



If a half length stroke ends with a circle or loop the added t or d is 
read before the circle or loop. If the half length ends with a final hook, 
the added t or d is read after the hook, 
pets slates fights attend meant finds deft scattered patient 

«aL_!SL J- * 5 l_^Z sl 

Strokes having initial or final circles, hooks, or loops may be made 
half length, and the half length may be used at the beginning, middle, or 
end of words. The sound of t generally follows light strokes and d heavy 
strokes, but this is not always the case, 
brightly apparently recent lend sent 

The syllables ted and ded are represented by half length t or d instead 
of adding a full length to the original form. 

point pointed mend mended 



\ A 



1» . o -?■ 

Ted and ded sometimes follow a preceding down stroke with which 
they do not readily join. In these cases a detached half length t or d is 
written just after the rest of the word. 

awaited doubted deeded 



^—fe 



I M 

Rules for Use of Full Lengths. 

Half lengths should not be used. 

1. When the only consonants in the word are / and d ( \ laid. 

2. When ray is followed by t or d and there is no other consonant 
in the word. ^* \ rate. 



42 



MIAML INSTRUCTOR 



3. When there are two or more syllables in a word and only one 
consonant beside the t or d. diet piety poet 



4. When t or d are the last consonants followed by a vowel. I. 

mighty. 

5. When the half length cannot be clearly indicated in such cases as 
k following /, or upward /, g following v, or a straight stroke following 
itself. looked effect cracked 



6. When a straight stroke is in the same position as a vowel word 
sign of the same form, is without a. circle, hook, or loop, and is not joined 
to another stroke, the half length should not be used unless the vowel is 
inserted very carefully. debt bought pet 

As y, emp, and ing are not needed as half lengths, m, n, and down- 
ward / are made heavy for the addition of d when necessary, 
aimed owned failed 



V 



Important. 

The double lengths should be twice the length of the single lengths, 
the single lengths twice the length of the half lengths, and the half lengths 
twice the length of the vowel word signs. 

You met my mother. n sr^ 



READING EXERCISE 



v& e V? <V SZ 



S: 



V? 



_L_J 



</• 



S V, 



^7 



^_2 



9-a ^ 



^+ 



_2b_ 



J31. 



.!*_ 



S~ 






X^ 



Hr-^ 



•<b 



<rp 



v 



^-^ 



^w 



t 



-X. 



\. 



^ 



X- 



.^k 



v. ^v 



^v 



.^i- 



"7T 



<*tL 



JX 






MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



43 



WRITING EXERCISE 



doubts 


cheats 


shreds 


bride 


offends 


glad 


gained 


hunts 


hurts 


discount 


pretends 


attends 


thunder 


fold 


hunted 


hunter 


advocate 


defined 


renewed 


vacant 


blunt 


lender 


elect 


elected 


mountain 


gigantic 


locate 


folded 


located 


model 


medal 


jointed 


silent 


metal 


hermit 


flatly 


reserved 


dismayed 


remnant 


element 


swayed 


hired 


medicate 


aptitude 


white 


whet 


solicited 


lately 


felt 


fatal 


molded 


acted 


fronts 


multitude 


selected 


bereft 


behaved 


doubted 


lights 


revived 


graft 


deft 


filled 


remained 


quaint 


heartless 


decided 


cooked 


filed 


owned 


designed 


advent 


promote 


promoted 


recent 


resigned 


slights 



act 

caught 

could 

God 
.good 

cannot 

account 

called 

difficult-y 
. according 



LESSON 25. 
Half Length Word Signs. 



^ = - great 
^- spirit 



( 

thought 

^_ 

fact 

— — after 



</ 



Q_ told 

that 



part 

opportunity v ^_ future 

gentleman not 

gentlemen v^ nature 
toward wan t 

c-^— wont 
£-^ — went 
without hand 



P 



J) 



end 

under 

hundred 

child 

world 

Lord 

short 



held 

light 

let 

night 

met 

mad 

made 



_j_ word wide 

/!_ hold — 

£1_ old 



wind 
"2^. wound 



44 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 
READING EXERCISE 



S* 




^l k ^ £ 



C V- , 



WRITING EXERCISE 
Lent & Hunter, 

Detroit, Mich. 

Gentlemen : — 

We are in receipt of yours of the second of October, and are glad to say 
we have on hand all the goods and think they will meet your require- 
ments. 

We have all the late styles, and some of the old things which we have 
held from last year, if you are in need of any of them. These are all in good 
shape and not shop worn. 

At present we are much crowded and will sell on long-time payments. 
There are some broken lots of dress goods in excellent shape that we will 
sell at bottom prices. Can you not use some of them? 

Please let us hear from you about these things. Our agent, Mr. Alfred 
Kent, will be in your city soon, as he has just finished his September trip 
and is on his way home. Please present to him any points you do not wish 
to write about. You might give your future orders to him and we will give 
him credit for them. , 

Yours truly, 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 45 

LESSON 26. 
Prefixes, Affixes and Abbreviations. 

Certain syllables which occur frequently are represented by very brief 
methods, or by omission. 

PREFIXES 
1. The prefixes com, cum, con, and cog are represented by a light dot 
placed at the beginning of the remainder of the word. If a consonant 
precedes these syllables, either in the same or in a preceding word, it is rep- 
resented by writing the consonant which precedes the syllable near to the 
one which follows it. 

cognate console compress recommend 



iz ^ 



I will comply with your request. 



t 



If the com, etc., should be preceded by a vowel, it is represented by the 
stroke k above the rest of the word, accommodate , — ill. 

2. The syllables contra and counter are shown by writing a small, 
slanting dash across the beginning of the word, but disjoined from it. 

contradict -+— p 

3. Magni, magna, and magne are shown by placing the stroke m 

above the rest of the word, magnify ^— 

4. Self, as a prefix, is shown by placing an 5 circle near the begin- 
ning of the word, or after becoming familiar with its use it may some- 
times be joined to the word. selfish ^jL. self-important 

5. The syllables in, en, and un before spr, sbr, str, sdr, schayr, sjr, skr, 
sgr, si, sm, semp, ss, sz, sr, sw, are represented by an initial n curl. 

enslave *p * ^- insert ^ unswayed c \ 

ENDINGS 
1. Words ending in ity or ities may be shortened by making the last conso- 



nant of the original word half length, affable — - ^^^ . affability 



^ 



46 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 

2. Words ending in ble and bly sometimes omit the / hook when it 

— \ 

cannot be conveniently joined, actionable JE 

3. Words ending in fulness have these syllables shown by writing / 
stroke with the ^ circle disjoined or through the rest of the word. 

4. The syllables iveness by writing v stroke and s circle through or 
disjoined from the rest of the word. 

5. The syllables lessness are shown by writing / stroke and s circle 
through or disjoined from the rest of the word. 

thoughtfulness restlessness attractiveness 

6. W'ords ending in bleness have these syllables represented by 
writing bins joined to the rest of the word, ^^-*^ l - reasonableness, 

7. The ending ing is shown by placing a dot at the end of the word. 

8. The ending ings is shown by placing a circle at the end of the 
word. 

9. Ing followed by the is shown by writing a slanting dash at the 
end of the word. 

10. Ing followed by a or an is shown by a dash at right angles to 
the end of the word. 

doing doings doing a doing the 

_J J I L_ 

O — / 

11. If the ending ly cannot be joined to the rest of the word it may 

be written through the word. ^*\ openly 

12. The endings mental and mentality are represented by mn half 

length disjoined from the rest of the word, h detrimental 
* gfc sentimentality '•'"* 

13. Alogy and ology are shown by writing the stroke / through the 

rest of the word. __fz theology 

14. Self at the end of a pronoun is represented by a small circle and 
selves by a large circle, either joined or near the word. 

myself 5? themselves 

15. Ship is represented by the stroke ish placed through or near the 
rest of the word. 2? hardship. 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



47 



L* 



:1l 



READING EXERCISE 

r 



i_k^ 



^ 



■*< 



X 



w 



^ 



Jr* 



_K 



^ ^ ^ \ 




WRITING EXERCISE 



combine 

congregation 

inconsiderate 

insuperable 

unscrew 

rudimental 

theology 

contradict 

disconcert 

recumbent 

dating the 



combination 

accommodate 

incongruity 

probability 

instruct 

friendly 

insert 

eldership 

cognate 

insulting 

castings 



conceit 

conjecture 

complacent 

irregularity 

headings 

herself 

unseemly 

clerkship 

counting the 

circumspect 

thankfulness 

REVIEW 



congregate 

mutability 

recognition 

conspire 

magnanimous 

themselves 

compiling - 

surmountable 

making an 

incommode 

combativeness 



contract 

conduce 

recompense 

condolence 

kindly 

spreading 

counterpane 

actionable 

insomnia 

jocularity 

thoughtlessness 



What do you know about brief y? 

Which strokes take the left-hand side of the circle for the brief wl 

Which strokes take the h tick? 

For what word is it used in phrasing? 

How do you represent ing the? 

How do you write cum in the middle of a word or in a sentence? 

Give the method of representing fulness, lessness, and iveness. 

The pupil may now make out a chart showing all the consonant strokes 
with their circles, loops, and hooks attached. Take a sheet of ruled paper 
and rule it with vertical lines, placing the consonants in the left-hand 
margin, always keeping the same consonant on the same line of writing 
all the way across. The first column may be used for the 5 circle and 
then go on with a column for each appendage. It should be corrected by 
the teacher. 

An examination should now be given. 



48 



. a-an 

* ■ the 

ah 

• eh-aye 

and 



^L. 



\ 



■ should 

I in phrases 

but 

of 
-to 

all 



\ too- two 

/ 



- awe-ought 

. who-whom 
O-oh-owe 

- before 

- I-eye-high 

- how 
we 

• with 
.what 



^ would 



-beyond 
-you 
-yet 
-year 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 
Word Signs. 



\ 



*r 



as-has 

is-his 

happy 

hope-up 

put 

practice 



*^ to be 

-^ member 



^r 



\ 



! 



\ 

- ^ pnncipal-le fc bel 



- remember 

- number 

- belong 
.able 



leve 



\. 



\ 



X 



apply 
people 
happen 
upon 

^- opinion 

_^ spoke 

^ — speak 
spoken 



X 
X 



X 



N^ 



_ combine 
_ been 

-behalf 
. above 
- behind 
. bound 



\ 



^> 



possible 

practiced 

— ^~ oppressed 



V — objection 

. >^ sub j ection 

-^ subject 



^ 
V 



surprise 
express 



.^v- — experience 

<\ 

part 



1 
1 



. at 
. it 
■ out 

. try 
_true 



^ opportunity truth 

^ spirit _£ tell-till 



-by-object 
A be 



P until 

\) contain-ten 



r 



satisfy 



jy-city 
— ' sat 

I 



set 

- sit 

whatever 

J— temptatioi 
°- advertise 



b it is 

J itself 

T 
t 



circumstantial 



. circumstance 



1 



strong 

-strength 
. tried 



3 toward 

Q treat-ed 

£ told 

1 had 

- do-day 
-doctor 



i 



-dear 



3 during 

J dollar 

£! deliver 



t- 



deliverance 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



49 



L_ 



does 



I distinct 

— — divine 

L — differ 

J done 



J- 



down 



5 consider 

Q considered 

U consideration 
f_ did 
|_ doubt-ed 

J U J • 

— — hadn t 
don't 



didn't 



.. condition 
1 1 addition 

edition 
— - — much 
Z- — which 

/ each 

-Z — such 
child 
children 
J- — chair 

J2 cheer 

chief 



P 



£. — whichever 
— __ large 
/ advantage 



larger 
/ danger 



— -3L junior 
largely 



• i 



join 



is general-ly 



religion 



// suggestion 
' Jehovah 
C/ generation 



gentleman 

c/ gentlemen 
— -J— religious 



-come 

- Christian 

-care 

-cure 

call 
. coal 
. cool 

equal-ly 



cover 
describe 
Scripture 
secure 



n — J description 

caught-act 

= — could 

because 

cause 

° comes 

.. accuse 



C_ 



called 

cold 

conclude 

difncult-y 

according 

court 

cannot-kind 

county 

account 

quite 

quit 

go-ago 

give-n 



. question 



*=^ — ~ degree 
- — grew 



glory 

began 

again-begun 

begin 

altogether 

together 

govern-or 

gave 

signify 

Q significance 

Q. ~> signification 

God-got-guide 

— " good-get 

great 

<r ~ guard 

agreed 

*- glad 
-<**— gold 
-^ half-off 



V for 
..form 



^_ 



offer 



\t?ttx^ from 
V free 

o 

^— follow-ing 



50 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 












full 

fine-often 
phonography 
formation 

find 

fund 

found 

fast 

first 

fact-after 

future 

offered 

formed 

effort 

friend 

frequently-ly 

father 

further 

have-very 

view 

over 

every 

however 

value 

evil 

heaven 



\^ even-ing 

r 

L 



^ 



several 

thank 

think 



i 



{ thousand 

( u u 
thought 



4r 



throw 
-J — three-throug 

t 

— ^— authorize 

c 

authority 

-2— third 
— — though 
A — . they-them 
-L thou-thee 

V 

— ^— other 

-L- — either 
— -^Lthere-their 
-k-than 
_L then 

/ within 

52 those 

X? .this 

_Z — these 

x 

^themselves 

JD—this is 
that 



± 



D 



L 



_2_ 



& 



(7 




MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



51 



r^ 




missed 

mine-man 

men 

mean 

mind 

meant 

amount 

might 

met 

meet 

mad 

made 

matter 

mother 



CL^ 



^^y 



when 



wnence ^ 

C J on re 

honest > *"^ 

^=— £- next-instant-^^ 

Q, 9 unless 

\ — ^- only -^*- 

known-nine 



n union 



_JL influence 



q ~z seen-soon 



important-ance r*~ . notion 

improve-ment KJP. nation 

sample — > hand 

simple W__ end-under 

impossible ^> hundred 

improvements ^ _ need 

on-any not-night _1 









in-no-own-know 

now 

new 

nor-honor 

manner 






nature 

sent-cent 
. send 
. sound 
.want 



-e- 



went-wont 
entire 
'enter 
neither 
long-language 
thing-young 
single-singular 
anger-longer 
younger 
why 

way- weigh-away 
wear-aware 
wane 

wider-water 
weather 
wind 
wound 
wide 
weighed 
ward 
word 
your 
yours 

use-yourself 
yourselves 

he 



52 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 

Phrasing. 

In addition to the regular method of phrasing by the joining of words 
together, a further saving of time is made by using the circles,' hooks, and 
loops, the halving and doubling principles to represent words. Words in 
certain phrases are also omitted sometimes. 

Most curved word signs may be made double length for the addition 
of the words their, there, other, and they are. 

Words may be made half length and the n hook added for the addi- 
tion of the word not. See list of phrases. 

The r hook is sometimes used to represent are. 

The / hook is sometimes used to represent all and will. 

The n hook is sometimes used to represent than, been, and own. 

The f-v hook is sometimes used to represent of. 

The ter hook is sometimes used to represent there, their, other, and 
they are. 

See list of phrases. 

If the word in is followed by a word commencing with the prefix re, 
the in and re are represented by an n stroke with the r hook. 

The sez circle, the s circle, the ste and ster loops are also- used in 
shortening words in phrases, is as, Q this city r^ 

does there |) does it h . gives us — Q 
makes his — ^ — > O, as soon as — ■ 



The brief w is sometimes used for the words way and away. 

The h tick may be used for he on the same strokes with which it may 
be joined in words. 

A vertical tick is often used for /. 

You and year are often inverted in phrasing. 

In addition to the above methods of shortening, many other uses of 
the word-building principles are employed in phrasing. 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



53 



Intersections. 

The word company is represented by the K stroke written through 
the name. 

The word committee is represented by the T stroke written through 
the name. 

The word society is represented by the S stroke written through the 
name. 

The word department is represented by the D stroke written through 
the name. 

The word association is represented by the Ish stroke written through 
the name. 

The word party is represented by the P stroke written through the 
name. 

The word railroad is represented by the Ray stroke written through 
the name. 

The word bank is represented by the B stroke written through the 
name. 

The word agent is represented by the J stroke written through the 
name. 



3*_ 



Cash Register Co. 
Christian Association 
Temperance Society 
N. Y. Central R. R. 
Insurance Agent 



J^, 



*&. 



Executive Committee 
Democratic Party 
Literary Department 
National Bank 



In taking dictation the learner may now gradually drop the vowels, 
always being very careful to insert initial and final vowels unless the out- 
line indicates the presence of a vowel. The vowels should be so well 
fixed in the mind that they may be inserted rapidly and correctly without 
any hesitation, when necessary. 

All the word-building and phrasing principles should be so thoroughly 
learned that they may be applied instantly. Do not make the mistake of 
committing to memory endless numbers of contracted words and phrases 
merely as arbitrary signs, but notice the principle involved and learn to 
make your own contractions and phrases as much as possible, using the 
rules and numerous examples to guide you. 

The student should* not think time was being lost when he is required 
to write the same words and sentences over and over, as the ear, the eye, 
and the hand can be trained to act together in no other way. 



54 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 

List of Common Phrases. 

1. At their own expense, at once, at all times, at hand, a great deal, 
and though there is, all that is said, as far as possible, as soon as, as it 
may not be, as it was. 

2. Anybody else, anything else, again and again, a great many, by all 
means, can there not be, Christian Association. 

3. Day by day, do you mean, does not, dear sir, every one else, each 
other, for their own, for there is, from there, first class, find enclosed. 

. 4. Gentlemen of the jury, give their attention, had there not been, 
have their own, how are you, he would not be, he could not have been, 
how could you, he was not. 

5. He may not be there, he was there, I am glad, I am very glad, I 
do not know, I have been, I am not, I shall have, I may not be there. 

6. I shall be, I think there is, I will not be there, I am in receipt, I 
shall be obliged, I will be able, I wish there, I trust. 

7. In reference, in regard, in relation, in respect, in reply, in receipt, 
it is not, it is said. 

8. It will not be, instead of, in all such cases, in all cases, in that way, 
in their way, inside of, in your own. 

9. If you will, just as, ladies and gentlemen, less than, longer than, 
Mr. Chairman, Mr. President. 

10. My dear friend, my dear sir, more and more, more or less, no- 
body else, no doubt. 

11. On their part, of your letter, out of town, one or two, one day 
after date, out of the way, point of view, please send, price list. 

12. Railway, railway company, railroad, railroad station, respectfully 
yours, six or seven, some other, should be able. 

13. There is another, there may not be, to be sure, two or three, 
Tuesday afternoon, this city, very truly yours, way bill. 

14. We are ready, we are not, we have been, we ship you, we were 
there, whenever there is. 

15. When I was there, when there is, which' are, which may not be, 
which will be, will not be, while there is, who would not be, you are not, 
your favor, you will not be there, 



MIAMI LNSTRUCTOR 



55 



List of Common Phrases. 



, ^ J £■» 3 ^ ^ I ^^\ ) 



^f 



v-» -L.'-t 



3 1) — tv-^, L L *s . 



« a ?? hST 



¥■ 



-4. 



it .* S S S? 



4- 



^ 



o 



6 ^ 



7 *, 
8 



^=H- 



Oi> Q ^ 



iS 



S 



^C s^f 



la. E £lg 



^ 



^ 



Q=^ 



f 



r 



9 
10 
II 



O 7 - , ^ 



r?* 



-It 



_-*\ 



^ 



Q-^\, S- 



Jr-N; 






13 
14 £ 



56 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 

Speed Practice on Short Words and Word Signs. 

Write this over and over until it can be written at the rate of ninety 
or a hundred words a minute without errors. 

1. 
I shall be happy to be with you if you pay me for all I may happen 
to do for you upon any particular opportunity. I shall have much pleasure 
to see you and every member put in a good position and in possession of 
an advantage by which you may be free to gain your bread in an easy way 
and pass your days in peace. Act according to principle, I pray you, and 
do to others as you would have them do to you. Be sure to tell the truth 
because the truth ought always to be told toward God and man. 

2. 

If we do not always try to tell the truth, few will believe us when we 
speak what is true in a case of special importance. Oh, what a boon it 
would have been to this age and generation if men had always tried to 
combine the good and the true in everything they did. It is to be remem- 
bered that no one is able to build his belief on what he thinks is not true 
and for which he thinks no proof can be given. In the language of 
Scripture, we should "prove all things" and with holy awe do that which 
we know to be good. 

3, 

Mr. Smith is a well-bred gentleman, who, though broad in his views, 
had often much difference of opinion with several other gentlemen about 
the improvements in phonography. Thy all thought that phonography 
might be improved, but there was a difficulty in the way owing to this, that 
each would improve it from his own point of view. My dear doctor, dur- 
ing these three years I have thought to draw information from you as an 
author, but either on account of my want of understanding or some other 
cause I cannot gain instruction. Acts of religion generally give joy to 
those who in a true spirit join in them. Again and again have I known 
this. 

4. 

Religious men in all ages have ever had joys of their own. Let us 
glory in those good things which are given to us in Christianity. The first 
principle of the Christian religion is to acknowledge the Lord to be the 
true God, and how can we come to a knowledge of Him without His Holy 
Word which is given for our instruction in the things of God. I cannot 
account for that kind of gold coin which you have shown me. It is not 
that of our Queen. I have to acquaint you that it is quite base and not at 
all equal to what it should be. 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 57 

5. 

Three men tried to throw a great weight over a high arch arid at the 
third throw it went through the arch. Though I might give this to thee, 
yet 1 would not give it to those who would abuse it. Thou art the very 
man I want. Let me see. Thou shalt have honor for thy word is sure. 
This is what I wish to tell thee. Mind thou thyself and let others mind 
themselves. These are mine and those are thine. They went from us 
for their thought was not to go any further. I had a letter from their 
mother at the latter end of the year, and if there had been anything the 
matter she would have told me. 



6. 

The order was that neither you nor I should enter there nor go in 
their way. What sight is this ? Is it the city itself ? Is it as it was when 
I was there, and has it the building in honor of the Queen? I shall set 
myself down in the yard and sit as you sat and so I shall see what you 
saw. The one way is as good as the other. As is the one so is the other. 
This youth has his soul at ease as usual. His is great pleasure as has 
been my own. 



I told the lean man who goes on that line that I would thank him for 
the mere loan of his seal, but he has not sent it up. I find that he did not 
send it, for he found that it was not sound, but I have another. I shall 
be somewhat eased if you show me whose it is. What is to be has to be, 
and what is not to be has not to be. The young man I met at a meeting 
of the temperance society was too mean to join it and went to a public 
house and made himself mad with wine. 



He was all night under its influence and from its nature it put him 
in a mood for more, but there was none at hand though he should die. 
Good Miss Lee would urge him to improve himself and put away his 
wines, but he would not and she cannot win him over. Ah, one's wines 
may cause difficulty. The law of the glorified Lord of heaven above is our 
light. The laws which men draw up for themselves are of less importance. 
The Lord, however, allows them when they do good. It is of importance 
to know the difference of our from your and ours from yours. 



58 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 

9. 

I told every child to sit in his chair till the chief should choose a rose 
for each and then to rise and give him a cheer. If the thing pays each 
shall have his own, whatever it may be, though the fund may not amount 
to more than a few pounds. Whence do ye come and whither are ye 
going? If able, my father and I will go with you, and whether we go or 
not the way is open to you. I am glad you have given us the liberty to 
meet within your house as often as we choose, and it does not rignify or 
is not very important what hour or hours we choose. 



10. 

They are gone away. It was done two years ago, but in a different 
way; I do not remember by whom. In general, the piece is not difficult 
to play. Do not think it wont be of any use to try. The improvement 
which you offer is easy to apply and I cannot even conceive why it is 
impossible to allow a knowledge of it to be published. Till it is tried all 
the advantages will not be known. Such is his opinion and I believe it 
myself. If he wins I will call again. After what has happened all such 
as have for their own good joined will be known. 



11. 

If we had half the strength of that nation we should be very strong. 
The wind was very high on that day. I will show you the principal city, 
which is very near, while you are with us. This one is called large, but 
that is larger. The letter at his house had not been opened then or their 
secret would have been found out. I was sent off for a short while. Do 
you owe much? Oh, yes. How much? Two pounds. If there is a 
will there is a way and every phonographer who knows his art well could 
do something to publish a knowledge of it. 



12. 

My dear pupils, you will find in these exercises more than one-half of 
the words in general use by speakers and writers. You should study them 
with great care and not try to write anything else until you can write every 
word with speed and accuracy. Read over everything you write and be 
sure that your words are written in the proper positions. When you can 
write at the rate of sixty words a minute, you should have some one read 
to you, gradually increasing the speed until you can write a hundred words 
a minute. 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



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MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 
Proper Names. 

Frederic ^V Lewis 

Nathan 

Oliver 

Oscar 



Frank 

Henry 

Isaac 

Jacob 

Joseph 






V^O, Philip 

<—~> Ralph 






January 

February 

March 

Sunday 

Monday 



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Months and Days. 



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' \^ Stephen 
j Samuel 

*^~^l Thomas 

6 Walter 

Z^T^ William 




j c -"| Wednesday ^n 

States and Territories. 



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Alabama 
Alaska Ter. 
Arkansas 
Arizona 

California 
Colorado 
• Connecticut 
Dist. of Columbia 
Delaware 
Florida 
Georgia 
Hawaii 
Idaho 
Illinois 
Indiana 
Iowa 
Kansas 
Kentucky 



1> 



Louisiana 

Maine 

Montana 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

North Dakota 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

New Mexico 

New York 

North Carolina 

Oklahoma 




\ October 

V- November 
i— ^ , December 
j ^ Saturday 



Ohio 
Oregon 
Philippines 
Pennsylvania 
~ Porto Rico 
Rhode Island 
South Carolina 
South Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

West Virginia 

Washington 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 






<v^~ 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 
Cities and Countries. 



Atlanta 

Africa 

Akron 
Albany 

Allegheny 
Altoona 

Ansonia 
Ashtabula 
Atlantic 
Austria 




£=— 




England 
Europe 

Franklin 
Germany 

Great Britain 
Hamilton 

Harlem 
Hudson 

Indianapolis 
Ireland 
Jersey City 
Kenton 
Kansas City 

Lake Shore 
Lancaster 

Liverpool 
London 

Memphis 
Marietta 

Montgomery 

Nashville 

Natchez 

New York 

Newark 

New Orleans 

Omaha 



63 

Ontario 

Oswego 

Pacific 
Paris 

Philadelphia 
Pittsburgh 

Portland 
Quebec 
Reading 
Rochester 

Sacramento 
Seattle 

St. Louis 

Sandusky 
Savannah 
Scotland 
Springfield 

Steubenville 
Syracuse 
San Francisco 
Tacoma 

Tallahassee 
Tippecanoe 
Union City 
Urbana 
United States 
(Wapakoneta 
Warren 
Zanesville 
Xenia 



64 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 

Contracting. 

Aside from the word signs, there are other words of shortened form 
called contracted words. As a general thing the accented or more im- 
portant part of the outline is used to represent the word, but other means of 
shortening are also employed. Sometimes there are two or more words 
having the same accented syllable and same position. In cases of this 
kind one of, the words is represented by some syllable that may not be 
accented, as difficult i difference I i 

The n hook is sometimes left out in the middle of a word, especially 

when followed by the syllable ment, as assignment . ^> 

The endings ficient, ficiently, and ficiency, are often represented by 
f-ish. proficient — *\. J . — efficiently. _ 



The ste loop is changed into a circle in some cases, tpctimnny J ^ — / 

Some words drop the middle syllable. 

burdensome ^g X. acknowledge - — 

Words commencing with the syllable ex often drop the k. 
expense ^fr 

The final and initial hooks occurring together in the middle of a word 
cannot be joined and one of them is often dropped, stranger 




Many words ending in tive or ful have these syllables shown by the 
f-v hook. In some cases when k precedes tive it is also left out. 



careful ,«- - instructive 

Many words having the Hon or ter hooks following k drop the k. 



instructor (J _ instruction Lj 



A word with its different endings is often represented by the same 
outline, impartial ^Js impartiality 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 65 

Numbers. 

1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10 should be written in shorthand, and 4, 5, 8 with the 
figures when they are alone, but a large number of several figures should 
not be written in shorthand. Million, thousand, and hundred should be 
written in shorthand. 



Contracted and Special Forms. 

1. Advantageous, attractive, appointment, anybody, apprehend, abund- 
ant, acknowledge, argument, astonishment, advertiser, assembly, advertise- 
ment. 

2. Acquaint-ed-ance, baggage, belief, business-busy, bankrupt, bank- 
ruptcy, burdensome, certificate, comprehend, change, certain-ly, convention. 

3. Custom, commercial, citizen, cross-examine, cross-examination, 
capable, confidential, collect. 

4. Collection, catholic, character, captain, correct, correction, corres- 
pondence. 

5. Customer, delinquent, democrat, democratic, determine, develop, 
defendant, deficient, essential, English, extraordinary, electric-al-ly. 

6. Especial, emergency, efficient-ly-cy, indispensable, investigation, 
irregular, immediate-ly, intelligent, impartial-ly, journal, knowledge, 
length. 

7. Landlord, liberty, locomotive, mortgage, magnanimous, memoran- 
dum, magazine, mercantile, merchandise. 

8. Manufacture, manufactory, manufacturer, nevertheless, nobody, 
notwithstanding, neglect, negligence-ent. 

9. Organization, ordinary, plaintiff, proportion, particular, practical-ly, 
prejudice, passenger, probable-ly, project, pecuniary, property, publication. 

10. Peculiar, profit-private, popular, privilege, quarter, qualify, qualifi- 
cation, republican, republic. 

11. Respective, relinquish, reluctant, relative, regular, resemble, re- 
turn, reverend, stranger. 

12. Sufficient-ly-cy, satisfaction, superintendent, satisfactory, special, 
substantial, transportation, telephone, taxation, twelve, temperance, trans- 
action, transform. 



66 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



Contracted and Special Forms. 



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MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 67 

Letters. 

William M. Quinn, Esq., 

Supt. United States Steel Co., 

Wilmington, Del. 
Dear Sir: — 

I fear the price you quote me on the large steel tanks will not be low- 
enough to leave me any profit. Perhaps you made a mistake in your 
estimate, as the price is not according to your price list. 

Please send reply immediately after investigation, for we cannot wait 
any longer than the first of the month as we have another project on hand 
which will take all our time for the next six months. 

Yours truly, 



Ohio & Mississippi Steamer Co., 

Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Gentlemen : — 

We wish to ship all our fruit by steamer this year if we can make 
satisfactory arrangements as to fast time and first-class service. 

We will have an efficient man to go with the fruit and look after the 
transportation to and from the boat. He will also see that it is handled 
carefully, if you will allow him to manage the men. 

No doubt, we may sometimes want to stop at out-of-the-way places 
where you may not be in the habit of landing, but we often get our best 
fruit at such places. 

Please let us know where we can meet one of your agents and talk 
the matter over as to terms, etc. 

Yours respectfully, 



Supt. Coast Short Line R. R., 

Mobile, Alabama. 
Dear Sir : — 

In respect to the matter of looking after passenger and baggage trans- 
portation, making change, collecting, etc., I think I can suit you. I can 
attend to all the duties of an ordinary secretary, irrespective of the par- 
ticular department that may be given me, but as to acting as superintendent 
of the whole office, I still feel that I am entkely deficient in many points, 
but, if after a few months' experience, you still wish me to undertake it, I 
shall be glad to do my best. 

I am ready to acknowledge that the financial inducement is especially 
attractive if I am only able to take possession of such a responsible posi- 
tion. Respectfully yours, 



68 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



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MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 69 

Distinguished Words. 

Groups of words having the same consonants and sometimes the same 
vowels and position, are varied in outline to distinguish one from the other, 
almost without exception following the word-building principles previously 
given, although in a few cases in order to make the distinction, a rule has 
to be broken. The learner should place all the vowels in these words in 
practicing them, unless the form is a 'word-sign. 

1. Patron, pattern — pastor, pasture, pastry — plotter, paltry — palace, 
policy — plant, planet, opulent, pliant. 

2. Protection, production — approach, perch — paired, parade — prose, 
purse, oppress, peruse, pursue — pretense, prettiness. 

3. Priest, perused, pierced, pursuit — prosecute, persecute — oppressor, 
pursuer — present, per cent, pursuant. 

4. Parcel, appraisal, perusal — oppression, portion, operation — promi- 
nent, permanent — bias, abase. 

5. Binder, bindery — abundant, abandoned — bribe, barb — break, bark — 
breath, birth — abrasion, aberration. 

6. Bran, barren, barn — brand, brandy, burned, baronet — barley, barrel, 
burial — brewer, borrower, brewery. 

7. Traitor, trader — tariff, trophy, terrify, trough — train, torn, tyranny, 
tureen — trained, tyrant, truant, eternity. 

8. Editor, debtor, auditory, deter, dietary — defray, devour — destine, 
destiny — decease, disease — idolator, idolatry, dilatory. 

9. Genteel, jointly — joins, agency, genius — cutter, catarrh, coterie — 
coast, exceed. 

10. Claps, collapse — clatter, colter — clock, calico. 

11. Accrued, accurate — creature, creator, curator — guide, gaudy — 
favorite, favored. 

12. Factor, factory — fines, affiance, fancy — funeral, funereal. 

13. Flour, flowery, feeler, foolery — frighten, fourteen, fortune. 

14. Phrase, force, furious — frame, farm — fairness, furnace, France, 
conference. 

15. Frail, freely, fairly, ferrule, furl — violence, villainous, vileness, 
evilness. 

16. Sprite, separate, spared, aspirate — suppress, spares, spurious, con- 
spiracy — suit, suet, east. 

17. State, estate, seated — steam, esteem — satin, stone — stray, star, 
story, astray, oyster, austere, estuary. 

18. ^ Strain, stern, eastern, Saturn — sides, acids — assist, consist, essay- 
ist, society — smatter, cemetery. 

19. Center, sentry, century — sense, essence, science — sooner, scenery, 
sneer, assignor. 

20. Slaughter, sultry, solitary, solitaire — monster, ministry — indication, 
induction. 

21. Indefinite, undefined — ingenious, engines, ingenuous — labored, iil- 
bred, elaborate. 

22. Later, lottery, ultra — local, locally — repression, reparation. ^ 

23. Rough, review — rival, roughly, reveal — writer, orator, retire, ar- 
tery, rotary, ardor. 

24. Resume, reassume — renewed, ruined — earlier, ruler, rajlery. 

25. Wait, wet — worry, wore, wear — wind, went, windy — hire, hero. 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



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MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 71 

Additional Phrasing Principles. 

Phrases are formed by the joining of words, by the use of the word- 
building and shortening principles, and by the omission of connective 
words. 

Sometimes phrases are written in two parts when there are two or 
more of them having the same outline and the same word at the beginning. 
The one which has the first and second word in the same position is 
written with the words joined together, but if the first and second words 

are in different positions they are separated. , ^ ^ r _ in any way. 

, /V ^^ ^e~ , in no way. 

Sometimes when a word is repeated with a connective word be- 
tween, the two words are written close togther, but not joined. 

time after time, . 



Words are often represented by different forms in different phrases. 

as it is, j ** 

A phrase is generally in the position of the first word, but when there 
are two or more phrases having the same outline, the first word being the 
same in all, and the second word determining the meaning, the phrase is 

placed in the position of the second word. „ i£- I wish, J q I shall. 

Mr., Mrs., Miss, and the ticks for he and I, are written to the position 
of the following word. 

The circles, hooks, and loops represent the same words as the corres- 
ponding letters of the alphabet represent. As the / stroke represents will, 
so the / hook also represents the same word. 

The Use of Hooks, Circles and Loops in Phrasing. 

The r hook may be used for are, our, or, and some times were. It 
may also be used on in for the syllable re. 

The / hook may be used for all and will. 

The n hook may be used for an, been, one, ozwi^ than, in a very few 
cases for and, or if the stroke is made half length for not. 

The f-v hook may be used for of, have, and forth. 

The ter hook may be used for the addition of there, their, other, and 
they are. 

The initial n curl is used in some cases to represent in. It may also 
be used at the end of a word to represent than if not needed for the shun 
curl 



72 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 

The s circle, in addition to being used for the four word signs, as, has, 
is, and his, may also be used for us. 

A large circle in the first position represents as or has followed by 

any of the other s word signs, as, as has, as his, etc. O In the 

second position it represents is or his followed by any of the other s word 

signs, as his is, is as, etc. Q 

The ste loop is some times used to represent is it and as it, and the 
ster loop to represent is there and as there. 

If a word begins with an s circle and is preceded by an s word sign, 
or if it ends with an s circle and is followed by an ^ word sign, this sign 
is often prefixed or added to it by making the circle large. The word it 
may be added by changing the circle into a ste loop and the word there or 
their by changing it into a ster loop. The large circle is also used when 
two words are joined, the first ending with the s circle and the second 
commencing with the circle. The ster loop is also used sometimes to 
represent stair and store. 

The w hook in a few cases is used to represent we and with. 

The brief w in phrasing is often turned in either direction to make 
convenient joinings. It is also used sometimes to represent way and 
away. 

There are a number of other shortening methods which may be used 
by experienced shorthand writers that are not advisable for beginners, but 
some of them are given here for future reference as the proficincy of the 
student increases. 

The hooks are used to the vowel word signs to represent words just 
as they are used on strokes. 

A double length may have there or their added by making it triple 
length. 

A straight stroke ending with a hook may sometimes add there or 
their by being made double length. 

Strokes may be made half length for the addition of it, had, ought, 
and would. -^ithu^—i^ 

Sometimes an unimportant word is left out, more and more- ._ 

After, and, of, to, for, etc., are sometimes left out in this way. 

Of the is omitted and the words on either side of it are written close 
together to indicate the omission. 

The n hook is sometimes left out in the middle of a phrase where it 
cannot easily be joined. 

The ste loop is often changed to the s circle in the middle of a phrase. 



.MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 73 

The / hook is often used to represent after by halving the stroke to 
which it is written, as day after day — *J — 

Reporters often change words to their original forms in certain 
phrases, as downward r for the word are, I stroke for the word all, ste 

loop for first is sometimes used, as at first The stroke 

the is made dougle length to represent the other, the V, stroke half length 
for of it, z stroke half length for as it, was it, and is it in the three 
positions. 

Write out for correction the following phrases which come under the 
principles given : 

On no occasion, on any occasion, day by da)', out of town, it is not, as 
it is, young gentlemen, young gentleman, I had not, I do not, I did not, 
Mr. Brown, Miss Dixon, I am certain, I may not be, I can have, he was 
not, he might, he gave, which are now, they are sure, at or near, on or 
about that time, in our business, in our location, in our presence, by all 
means, in all cases, on all subjects, at all times, it was all, in all things, 
of all the, which will give me, for all this, it will give me, it will be, which 
will do, it will come, in all respects, they shall all do, they all think, for an 
instant, I had an interview, there have been, it has never been, your own, 
by our own, their own, no one can, either one, later than, longer than, 
further than, sweeter than, may not be, will not have, cannot do, I am not, 
you are not, out of it, inside of, instead of, out of town, we do have it, set 
forth, put forth, which have been, which have done, can there be, give 
their, by their own, do their best, had there not, pay their way, each other, 
where they are, in some cases, in as many, in his cross-examination, in 
solitude, in some respects, in silence, less than, is faster than, in express 
terms, worse than, let us, from us, next us, faced us, received us, is his, as 
has, has his, is as, it is said, as such, as soon as, his section, as has been, 
this side of, on his side, gives us, gives it, gives their, goes there, takes it, 
makes it, abuse their, book store, china store, go up stairs, run down stairs, 
we may be able, with respect, in this way, in that way, in my way, give 
away, we would have, three years ago, two years ago, many years ago, 
we would not, but will go, of all this, who have been, but have never, 
further their own, loiter there, enter their store, been there, gone there, 
above their, have it done, take it out, it had gone, it would not be, which 
ought not, she had never, more and more, again and again, time after 
time, by and by, some of them, able to come, two or three, one or two, 
take for instance, some of the best, many of the worst, two of the men, 
ten of the workers, it has been said, post master, Sunday afternoon, six 
days after date, Monday afternoon, is the other, the other one, at first, 
after all there is, some of it, as it, was it, is it. 



74 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 

Miscellaneous Phrases. 

1. A few years ago, able to make, about how many, able to state, 
according to that, according to your recollection. 

2. Act of Congress, ad valorem, after all that, according to the evi- 
dence, administrators and assigns, all this took place, any business there. 

3. Are you able to state, as a matter of fact, as a matter of law, 
account of damage, adjust the matter. 

4. Advise us by telegram, amount of premium, apply through rate, 
as per tariff, assistant general freight agent, assistant general passenger 
agent. 

5. At tariff rate, as far as possible, as well as, at first, best of your 
recollection, baggage checks. 

6. Backward and forward, best figures, bill of lading, bills of lading, 

bills of sale. 

7. Bills payable, bills receivable, by draft on, by our line, by return 
marl. 

8. Called for defendant, called for plaintiff, called on his own behalf, 
circumstantial evidence, counsel for defendant, counsel for plaintiff. 

9. County auditor, county clerk, county court, county recorder, court 
of appeals, court of claims. 

10. Court of common pleas, court of equity, court of general sessions, 
courts of justice, court of record, criminal conduct. 

11. Crinrnal jurisprudence, car load, car record, car load or less, 
claim for rebate. 

12. Construction train, defendant's testimony, did you learn, district 
court, direct evidence, direct examination, do you know whether or not. 

13. Do you mean to say, documentary evidence, date of delivery, de- 
murrage charges, draw on us at sight. 

14. Evidence to the contrary, exception taken, enclosed please find, 
fast freight lines, gentlemen of the jury, habeas corpus. 

15. Have you been, his heirs and assigns, how long have you known 
him, I expect to prove, I lived there, if the court please. 

16. In all the evidence, in his cross-examination, in his direct exam- 
ination, in pursuance of, I hand you, if such is the case. 

17. In reply to yours, in your favor, in settlement of account, I shall 
therefore, learned counsel for defendant, learned counsel for plaintiff. 

18. Learned counsel for the other side, nolle prosequi, nicer than. 

19. No doubt of it, north and south, objection over-ruled, objection 
sustained, on the part of defendant, on the part of plaintiff. 

20. On all hands, on all questions, ought to have been, pendente lite, 
plaintiff's case, please send your. 

21. Please send us at once, quarterly premium, replying to your letter, 
state whether or not, superior court. 

22. Supreme court, take into consideration, tell the truth, to or from 
train master, was nobody else there. 

23. What is your best recollection, what is your business, what is 
your occupation, what time of day. 

24. Where do you live, where do you reside, where is your place of 
business, ways and means, yes or no. 

25. Yes sir, your verdict, yours received and contents noted, younger 

than, you will therefore. 

26. You will find, you were there, you may be able, yes sir I will, yes 
sir I was. 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 
Miscellaneous Phrases. 



75 





^vVi^ 



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V ^:- ^ 



76 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 

Contracted and Special Forms. 

1. Abandon, abject, activity, administer, administration, administra- 
tor, administratrix, admonish, agriculture. 

2. Ambiguous, advance, anguish, antagonist-ize-ed, appear, applicable, 
appreciation, approximate, arbitrary-ily. 

3. Architect, argument, aristocrat-ic-acy, astonish, attachment, attrac- 
tion, behavior, beneficiary, beneficence-cent, benevolence-ent. 

4. Brother, build-t-ing, calamity, capital, capitalist, capital stock, car- 
penter, cheerful. 

5. Communicative, comprehension, comprehensive, consecutive, con- 
stitution, Christianity, constructive, criminal, customary. 

6. Deferential, deject-ed, delivery, deliverer, descriptive, designate, 
despondent-ly-cy, destitute, determination, differentia, dignify-ied-ty. 

7. Diminish-ed, discover, discrepancy, discriminate, dissatisfy-ied, dis- 
satisfaction, dissimilar-ly-ity, distinguish-ed-able, document. 

8. Doctrine, domestic-ate-ed, economic-al-ally, elective, electricity, 
endeavor, energetic-ally, enthusiasm, enthusiast-ic-ally. 

9. Equality, equivalent, eternal, et cetera, exaggeration, example, 
executive, executor, executrix, expedient-cy. 

10. Extempore-ary, extemporaneous, extension, external, extravagant, 
faithful familiar-ity, fee-simple, figurative, financial. 

11. Formation, formidable, fugitive, furnish, generalize, glorify, gov- 
ern-ment-mental, horticulture-al, hospital-ity. 

12. Ice house, identical-ly, illegal, illegible, illiberal, ill-natured, illus- 
tration, immoderate, impenetrable-y, imperative. 

13. Imperfect, inadvertent, inconsiderate, indemnify, independence-nt, 
indignant, indignation, indiscretion. 

14. Indiscriminate, individual, indulge, indulgent, influential, informa- 
tion, insignificant-nce, instinctive, instructive, integrity. 

15. Intellect-ual-ly, intemperance-ate, intercession, intermit-tent, intol- 
erable, irreproachable, irrespective, irresponsible, irretrievable. 

16. Joint-stock, journalism, jurisdiction, jurisprudence, legislation, 
legislator-ure, liquidate-ed-tion, majesty, mechanic mechanism. 

17. Messenger, Methodism, mischievous, negative, organic, ortho- 
dox-y, objective, pencil, penitentiary, perpendicular. 

18. Perhaps, # ^phenomenon, phonographer, phonographic, postage, 
practitioner, precipitate-ed-tion, preliminary, preponderance. 

19. Presbyterian-ism, preservation, presidential, presumptuous, pro- 
fessor, prominence-t-ly, punctual, purpose, quarrelsome. 

20. Recover-able-y, replenish-ment, represent, representation, repre- 
sentative, reproachful-ly, repugnance-t, respect-ful-ly. 

21. Respectable-y, responsible-y-ity, resurrection, retribution, revenge, 
sanguine-ly, signature, similar-ity, spontaneous-ly, splendid-or, strange. 

22. Stupendous, sister, relief, release, synonymous, stenographer-y, 
technical-ly, terminate, testament-ary, transact, transcribe, transcription. 

23. Tremendous, verdict, volume, vigilance-t-ly, vindictive, hereon, 
herein, hereto, hereof, hereupon, heretofore, hereafter, herewith. 

24. Opposition, possession, position, thenceforward, thenceforth, 
thereabouts, thereafter, thereby, therefor, therefrom, therein, thereon, 
whatsoever. 

25. Whensoever, whenever, wherein, whereof, whichsoever, whoever, 
whosoever, wheresoever, withal, western. 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



77 



Contracted and Special Forms. 




25 ^-C *~\ , ( /> (S ^_ 



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A r - V 7 



78 MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



The Gibbons Wholesale Grocery Co., 

San Francisco, Cal. 
Gentlemen : — 

Understanding that you are contemplating installing a motor delivery 
service, we should like to call your attention to the superiority of our 
machine. We have the best on the market for your class of business. 

The motor is of the Renault type, having four cylinders cast en bloc. 
The extra long stroke gives the greatest efficiency and ample power to 
carry an excess load. Although the capacity is given as 4,000 pounds, the 
chassis is strongly constructed and designed to carry much more than this 
amount. The ignition is of the highest type, being the Bosch dual system 
operated through two sets of spark plugs, being provided with a Bosch 
magneto and dry batteries. The Schebler carbureter is generally con- 
ceded to be the best obtainable The transmission is of the sliding gear 
selective type with two speeds forward and reverse. 

All machines are equipped with Goodrich solid tires, dual on the rear 
wheels. The service brake on the jack shaft and the emergency brake on 
the rear wheels, each provide sufficient braking surface to slide the wheels. 
We have either express or stake body mounted on the same chassis with 
the driver's seat placed over the motor, making the loading space excep- 
tionally large, 78 by 144 inches, with a wheel base of only 126 inches. 

Our representative will be in your city within the next few days and 
will give a demonstration of what our machine can do, and we feel quite 
sure you will be satisfied that you cannot buy a better machine. 

Yours respectfully, 



Messrs. Brown & Baldwin, 

Albany, N. Y. 
Dear Sirs : — 

In compliance with your request of the 30 ult., we take pleasure in 
sending you by express samples of our different veneers. You did not 
say whether you wished all of your panels veneered or not. Not knowing 
the color scheme, we send you various shades from which you may select. 

We wish to call your especial attention to the curled maple and Flem- 
ish oak, which are very handsome. Can we not interest you in our white 
enamel panels, which are entirely new? 

Very truly yours, 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



79 




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MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



Miscellaneous Words. 

(Write out in shorthand for correction) 



abjection 

affluent 

anarchy 

autographic 

Bohemian 

circular 

equilibrium 

insulation 

miscellaneous 

natural 

oxygen 

psychology 

remarkably 

retribution 

scientific 

sedentary 

vacuum 

vegetarian 

abbreviate 

aeroplane 

aquarium 

barter 



benignity 

esquire 

exasperate 

insufficient 

moderate 

naturalize 

proprietor 

republican 

suspect 

somewhat 

talkative 

vaccination 

westerly 

absorption 

alliance 

appropriate 

behold 

barometer 

establish 

equestrian 

lieutenant 

manifold 



Olympian 

portiere 

refrigerator 

suspense 

simultaneous 

tribunal 

venire 

awaken 

accessory 

amateur 

artery 

benefactor 

contentment 

executive 

garage 

manuscript 

multigraph 

philanthropy 

premeditate 

reminiscence 

socialist 

sympathetic 



unfamiliar 

vertebrate 

yard-stick 

accommodate 

alumni 

ascertain 

belligerent 

contingent 

extemporaneous 

hydraulic 

messenger 

motor-cycle 

prerogative 

recognize 

retrospective 

sarcastic 

superstructure 

uninfluenced 

virulent 

zebra 

demonstrative 

remedial 



MIAMI INSTRUCTOR 



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